1. Kab mob malaria yog dab tsi?
Kab mob Malaria yog ib yam kab mob uas tiv thaiv tau thiab kho tau, feem ntau hu ua "mob khaub thuas" thiab "mob khaub thuas me ntsis", thiab nws yog ib qho ntawm cov kab mob sib kis uas ua rau tib neeg lub neej nyob thoob plaws ntiaj teb muaj kev phom sij heev.
Kab mob npaws yog ib yam kab mob sib kis los ntawm cov kab Anopheles tom lossis kev hloov ntshav ntawm cov neeg uas muaj plasmodium.
Muaj plaub hom plasmodium parasitic nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev:
2 thaj chaw muaj kab mob sib kis
Txog rau tam sim no, tus kab mob malaria thoob ntiaj teb tseem muaj teeb meem loj heev, thiab kwv yees li 40% ntawm cov pej xeem hauv ntiaj teb nyob hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj tus kab mob malaria ntau heev.
Kab mob malaria tseem yog kab mob loj tshaj plaws hauv teb chaws Africa, muaj li ntawm 500 lab tus tib neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw uas muaj kab mob malaria ntau heev. Txhua xyoo, muaj li ntawm 100 lab tus tib neeg thoob ntiaj teb muaj cov tsos mob ntawm kab mob malaria, 90% ntawm lawv nyob hauv teb chaws Africa, thiab ntau dua 2 lab tus tib neeg tuag los ntawm kab mob malaria txhua xyoo. Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Tuaj thiab Nruab Nrab Asia kuj yog thaj chaw uas muaj kab mob malaria ntau heev. Kab mob malaria tseem muaj ntau heev hauv Central thiab South America.
Thaum Lub Rau Hli 30, 2021, WHO tau tshaj tawm tias Tuam Tshoj tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj tias tsis muaj kab mob malaria.
3 txoj kev kis tus kab mob malaria
01. Kev kis kab mob los ntawm yoov tshaj cum
Txoj kev sib kis tseem ceeb:
Tom los ntawm ib tug yoov tshaj cum uas muaj plasmodium.
02. Kev kis ntshav
Kab mob malaria uas muaj txij thaum yug los tuaj yeem yog los ntawm lub placenta puas lawm lossis cov ntshav ntawm leej niam uas muaj kab mob plasmodium thaum lub sijhawm yug menyuam.
Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, nws tseem muaj peev xwm kis tau tus kab mob malaria los ntawm kev xa cov ntshav uas muaj tus kab mob plasmodium mus rau hauv.
4 Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob malaria
Txij thaum tib neeg kis tus kab mob plasmodium mus txog rau thaum pib (qhov kub hauv qhov ncauj tshaj 37.8 ℃), nws hu ua lub sijhawm incubation.
Lub sijhawm incubation suav nrog tag nrho lub sijhawm infrared thiab thawj lub voj voog kev yug me nyuam ntawm lub sijhawm liab. Feem ntau vivax malaria, ovoid malaria rau 14 hnub, falciparum malaria rau 12 hnub, thiab peb hnub malaria rau 30 hnub.
Cov kab mob protozoa sib txawv, cov kab mob sib txawv, kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm tib neeg sib txawv thiab hom kev kis kab mob sib txawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj lub sijhawm sib txawv.
Muaj cov kab uas hu ua ntev latency nyob rau hauv thaj chaw sov, uas tuaj yeem ntev txog 8 ~ 14 lub hlis.
Lub sijhawm incubation ntawm kev kis kab mob los ntawm kev hloov ntshav yog 7 ~ 10 hnub. Fetal malaria muaj lub sijhawm incubation luv dua.
Lub sijhawm incubation tuaj yeem ntev dua rau cov neeg uas muaj qee yam kev tiv thaiv kab mob lossis cov neeg uas tau noj tshuaj tiv thaiv.
5 Kev Tiv Thaiv thiab Kev Kho Mob
01. Kab mob malaria kis tau los ntawm yoov tshaj cum. Kev tiv thaiv tus kheej yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv yoov tshaj cum tom. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob sab nraum zoov, sim hnav khaub ncaws tiv thaiv, xws li tes tsho ntev thiab ris. Cov tawv nqaij uas tsis pom kev tuaj yeem raug pleev nrog tshuaj tua yoov tshaj cum.
02. Ua ib txoj haujlwm zoo hauv kev tiv thaiv tsev neeg, siv cov ntaub thaiv yoov tshaj cum, cov qhov rooj thiab cov ntaub thaiv, thiab tshuaj tsuag cov tshuaj tua yoov tshaj cum hauv chav pw ua ntej mus pw.
03. Ua tib zoo saib xyuas kev tu cev ib puag ncig, tshem tawm cov khib nyiab thiab cov nroj tsuag, sau cov qhov dej phwj tuaj, thiab ua haujlwm zoo hauv kev tswj cov yoov tshaj cum.
kev daws teeb meem
Macro-Micro & Tyogtau tsim cov khoom siv kuaj mob malaria, uas tuaj yeem siv rau fluorescence PCR platform, isothermal amplification platform thiab immunochromatography platform, thiab muab kev daws teeb meem dav dav thiab kev daws teeb meem rau kev kuaj mob, kev saib xyuas kev kho mob thiab kev kwv yees ntawm kev kis kab mob plasmodium:
01/immunochromatographic platform
Plasmodium Falciparum/Plasmodium Vivax AntigenCov Khoom Siv Tshawb Nrhiav
Cov khoom siv kuaj mob Plasmodium falciparum antigen
Cov khoom siv kuaj mob Plasmodium antigen
Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev kuaj pom zoo thiab txheeb xyuas Plasmodium falciparum (PF), Plasmodium vivax (PV), Plasmodium ovatum (PO) lossis Plasmodium vivax (PM) hauv cov ntshav venous lossis cov ntshav capillary ntawm cov neeg uas muaj cov tsos mob thiab cov cim ntawm malaria hauv vitro, thiab tuaj yeem ua kev kuaj mob pab txhawb rau kev kis tus kab mob plasmodium.
Kev ua haujlwm yooj yim: peb kauj ruam txoj kev
Kev khaws cia thiab thauj mus los hauv qhov kub thiab txias: Kev khaws cia thiab thauj mus los hauv qhov kub thiab txias rau 24 lub hlis.
Cov txiaj ntsig tseeb: kev rhiab heev thiab kev tshwj xeeb.
02/fluorescent PCR platform
Cov khoom siv kuaj mob Plasmodium nucleic acid
Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev kuaj pom zoo thiab txheeb xyuas Plasmodium falciparum (PF), Plasmodium vivax (PV), Plasmodium ovatum (PO) lossis Plasmodium vivax (PM) hauv cov ntshav venous lossis cov ntshav capillary ntawm cov neeg uas muaj cov tsos mob thiab cov cim ntawm malaria hauv vitro, thiab tuaj yeem ua kev kuaj mob pab txhawb rau kev kis tus kab mob plasmodium.
Kev tswj xyuas qhov zoo sab hauv: saib xyuas cov txheej txheem sim kom ntseeg tau tias qhov zoo ntawm kev sim.
Kev rhiab heev: 5 Daim Ntawv Luam / μL
Kev tshwj xeeb siab: tsis muaj kev sib xyaw nrog cov kab mob ua pa.
03 / Lub platform kub tas mus li.
Cov khoom siv kuaj mob Plasmodium nucleic acid
Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev kuaj pom zoo ntawm plasmodium nucleic acid hauv cov qauv ntshav peripheral uas xav tias muaj tus kab mob los ntawm plasmodium.
Kev tswj xyuas qhov zoo sab hauv: saib xyuas cov txheej txheem sim kom ntseeg tau tias qhov zoo ntawm kev sim.
Kev rhiab heev: 5 Daim Ntawv Luam / μL
Kev tshwj xeeb siab: tsis muaj kev sib xyaw nrog cov kab mob ua pa.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Plaub Hlis-26-2024