Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1995, Lub Koom Haum Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Ntiaj Teb (WHO) tau xaiv lub Peb Hlis 24 ua Hnub Thoob Ntiaj Teb Txog Kab Mob Ntsws.
1 Nkag Siab Txog Kab Mob Ntsws
Kab mob ntsws (TB) yog ib yam kab mob uas noj ntau dhau, tseem hu ua "kab mob noj ntau dhau." Nws yog ib yam kab mob sib kis tau yooj yim heev uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob ntsws mycobacterium uas nkag mus rau hauv tib neeg lub cev. Nws tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm hnub nyoog, poj niam txiv neej, haiv neeg, kev ua haujlwm thiab thaj chaw. Ntau yam kabmob thiab cov kab ke ntawm tib neeg lub cev tuaj yeem raug kab mob ntsws, uas yog kab mob ntsws feem ntau.
Kab mob ntsws yog ib yam kab mob sib kis mus ntev uas tshwm sim los ntawm Mycobacterium tuberculosis, uas nkag mus rau hauv tag nrho lub cev. Vim tias qhov chaw kis kab mob feem ntau yog lub ntsws, nws feem ntau hu ua kab mob ntsws.
Ntau tshaj 90% ntawm kev kis tus kab mob ntsws yog kis los ntawm txoj hlab pa. Cov neeg mob ntsws kis tau los ntawm kev hnoos, txham, ua suab nrov, ua rau cov tee dej uas muaj ntsws (hu ua microdroplets) raug ntiab tawm ntawm lub cev thiab cov neeg noj qab nyob zoo nqus tau.
2 Kev kho mob rau cov neeg mob ntsws ntsws
Kev kho mob ntsws yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho mob ntsws. Piv nrog rau lwm hom kab mob bacterial, kev kho mob ntsws yuav siv sijhawm ntev dua. Rau cov kab mob ntsws uas tseem muaj sia nyob, yuav tsum noj tshuaj tiv thaiv ntsws tsawg kawg yog 6 txog 9 lub hlis. Cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb thiab lub sijhawm kho mob nyob ntawm tus neeg mob lub hnub nyoog, kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho thiab kev tiv thaiv tshuaj.
Thaum cov neeg mob tsis kam siv cov tshuaj thawj zaug, lawv yuav tsum tau hloov los ntawm cov tshuaj thib ob. Cov tshuaj uas siv ntau tshaj plaws rau kev kho mob ntsws ntsws uas tsis kam siv tshuaj suav nrog isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RFP), ethambutol (EB), pyrazinamide (PZA) thiab streptomycin (SM). Tsib hom tshuaj no hu ua cov tshuaj thawj zaug thiab siv tau zoo rau ntau dua 80% ntawm cov neeg mob ntsws ntsws uas nyuam qhuav kis tus kab mob ntsws.
3 Cov lus nug thiab lus teb txog kab mob ntsws
Q: Puas kho tau tus kab mob ntsws (tuberculosis)?
A: 90% ntawm cov neeg mob uas muaj tus kab mob ntsws (pulmonary tuberculosis) tuaj yeem kho tau tom qab lawv hais kom noj tshuaj tas li thiab ua tiav txoj kev kho mob uas tau teem tseg (6-9 lub hlis). Txhua qhov kev hloov pauv hauv kev kho mob yuav tsum yog tus kws kho mob txiav txim siab. Yog tias koj tsis noj tshuaj raws sijhawm thiab ua tiav txoj kev kho mob, nws yuav yooj yim ua rau tus kab mob ntsws tsis kam tshuaj. Thaum muaj kev tsis kam tshuaj, txoj kev kho mob yuav ntev dua thiab nws yuav yooj yim ua rau kev kho mob tsis ua haujlwm.
Q: Cov neeg mob ntsws ntsws yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas dab tsi thaum kho mob?
A: Thaum koj kuaj pom tias koj muaj tus kab mob ntsws (tuberculosis), koj yuav tsum tau txais kev kho mob ntsws tsis tu ncua sai li sai tau, ua raws li tus kws kho mob cov lus qhia, noj tshuaj raws sijhawm, kuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua thiab tsim kom muaj kev ntseeg siab. 1. Ua tib zoo so thiab txhawb kev noj zaub mov kom zoo; 2. Ua tib zoo saib xyuas kev tu cev tus kheej, thiab npog koj lub qhov ncauj thiab lub qhov ntswg nrog daim ntawv phuam thaum hnoos lossis txham; 3. Txo qhov tawm mus thiab hnav lub npog ntsej muag thaum koj yuav tsum tawm mus.
Q: Tus kab mob ntsws puas tseem kis tau tom qab kho tau zoo lawm?
A: Tom qab kev kho mob raws li tus qauv, kev kis tus kab mob ntawm cov neeg mob ntsws ntsws feem ntau yuav txo qis sai sai. Tom qab ob peb lub lis piam ntawm kev kho mob, tus naj npawb ntawm cov kab mob ntsws ntsws hauv cov hnoos qeev yuav raug txo qis heev. Feem ntau cov neeg mob uas muaj ntsws ntsws ntsws tsis kis tus kab mob ua tiav tag nrho cov kev kho mob raws li txoj kev npaj kho mob tau teev tseg. Tom qab ua tiav tus qauv kho mob, tsis muaj cov kab mob ntsws ntsws tuaj yeem pom hauv cov hnoos qeev, yog li lawv tsis kis tau ntxiv lawm.
Q: Tus kab mob ntsws puas tseem kis tau tom qab kho tau zoo lawm?
A: Tom qab kev kho mob raws li tus qauv, kev kis tus kab mob ntawm cov neeg mob ntsws ntsws feem ntau yuav txo qis sai sai. Tom qab ob peb lub lis piam ntawm kev kho mob, tus naj npawb ntawm cov kab mob ntsws ntsws hauv cov hnoos qeev yuav raug txo qis heev. Feem ntau cov neeg mob uas muaj ntsws ntsws ntsws tsis kis tus kab mob ua tiav tag nrho cov kev kho mob raws li txoj kev npaj kho mob tau teev tseg. Tom qab ua tiav tus qauv kho mob, tsis muaj cov kab mob ntsws ntsws tuaj yeem pom hauv cov hnoos qeev, yog li lawv tsis kis tau ntxiv lawm.
Kev daws teeb meem mob ntsws
Macro & Micro-Test muaj cov khoom hauv qab no:
Kev kuaj pom ntawmMTB (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) nucleic acid
1. Kev qhia txog kev tswj xyuas zoo sab hauv hauv lub kaw lus tuaj yeem saib xyuas cov txheej txheem sim thiab xyuas kom meej qhov zoo ntawm kev sim.
2. PCR amplification thiab fluorescent probe tuaj yeem ua ke.
3. Kev rhiab heev: qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm kev kuaj pom yog 1 kab mob / mL.
Kev kuaj pom ntawmkev tiv thaiv isoniazid hauv MTB
1. Kev qhia txog kev tswj xyuas zoo sab hauv hauv lub kaw lus tuaj yeem saib xyuas cov txheej txheem sim thiab xyuas kom meej qhov zoo ntawm kev sim.
2. Ib qho kev hloov pauv uas tau txhim kho tus kheej tau raug saws txais, thiab txoj kev sib txuas ARMS thev naus laus zis nrog fluorescent probe tau raug saws txais.
3. Kev rhiab heev: qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm kev kuaj pom yog 1000 tus kab mob / mL, thiab cov kab mob tsis sib xws uas tsis muaj tshuaj nrog 1% lossis ntau dua cov kab mob hloov pauv tuaj yeem kuaj pom.
4. Kev tshwj xeeb siab: Tsis muaj kev sib tshuam nrog cov kev hloov pauv ntawm (511, 516, 526 thiab 531) plaub qhov chaw tiv thaiv tshuaj ntawm rpoB gene.
Kev Tshawb Pom Kev Hloov Pauv ntawmKev Tiv Thaiv MTB thiab Rifampicin
1. Kev qhia txog kev tswj xyuas zoo sab hauv hauv lub kaw lus tuaj yeem saib xyuas cov txheej txheem sim thiab xyuas kom meej qhov zoo ntawm kev sim.
2. Txoj kev melting curve ua ke nrog lub kaw fluorescent probe uas muaj RNA bases tau siv rau kev kuaj pom hauv vitro amplification.
3. Kev rhiab heev: qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm kev kuaj pom yog 50 kab mob / mL.
4. Kev tshwj xeeb siab: tsis muaj kev sib xyaw nrog tib neeg lub noob caj noob ces, lwm yam kab mob mycobacteria uas tsis yog tuberculous thiab mob ntsws; Cov chaw hloov pauv ntawm lwm cov noob caj noob ces tiv taus tshuaj ntawm cov kab mob mycobacterium tuberculosis qus, xws li katG 315G>C\A thiab InhA -15 C>T, tau raug kuaj pom, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tsis qhia txog kev sib xyaw.
Kev kuaj pom cov kua qaub nucleic acid MTB (EPIA)
1. Kev qhia txog kev tswj xyuas zoo sab hauv hauv lub kaw lus tuaj yeem saib xyuas cov txheej txheem sim thiab xyuas kom meej qhov zoo ntawm kev sim.
2. Siv txoj kev ntsuas kub tas li los ntsuas cov enzyme digestion, thiab lub sijhawm kuaj pom luv luv, thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev kuaj pom tuaj yeem tau txais hauv 30 feeb.
3. Ua ke nrog Macro & Micro-Test qauv tso tawm tus neeg sawv cev thiab Macro & Micro-Test qhov kub thiab txias tas li nucleic acid amplification analyzer, nws yooj yim rau kev khiav lag luam thiab haum rau ntau qhov xwm txheej.
4. Kev rhiab heev: qhov tsawg kawg nkaus nrhiav tau txwv yog 1000Copies / mL.
5. Kev tshwj xeeb siab: Tsis muaj kev sib xyaw nrog lwm cov kab mob mycobacteria ntawm cov kab mob mycobacteria uas tsis yog tuberculosis (xws li Mycobacterium kansas, Mycobacterium Sukarnica, Mycobacterium marinum, thiab lwm yam) thiab lwm yam kab mob (xws li Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, thiab lwm yam).
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Peb Hlis-22-2024